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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Shelf ___^ 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



THE 



BOOKS OF THE BIBLE 



BRIEFLY ANALYZED. 



THE 



BOOKS OF THE BIBLE 



BRIEFLY ANALYZED, 



FOR USE IN 



£iBLE Instruction and for Bible 
Students in General, 






A. SCHULTZE, 

J^resident Moravian Theological Sejtiinary . 





THE BOOK ;i,VT,p 



^'h^^ 



• S?- 



PEEFACE. 



THIS publication has been prepared for the 
purpose of furnishing the Bible Student with 
a comprehensive view of the contents of the 
various books contained in the Holy Scriptures, 
and of facilitating the study of the Word of God. 
May it stimulate the reader to search the Rook of 
books, which is able to make wise unto salvation, 
through faith in Christ Jesus our Lord. 



THE BIBLE 

is divided into two principal parts, the Old and 
the New Testaments^ the former comprising the 
books that were written before the birth of our 
Saviour, the latter embracing the writings that 
were composed after that event. The Old Testa- 
ment contains thirty-nine books and the New 
twenty-seven, making sixty-six in all. The books 
of the Old Testament were formerly divided, for 
the convenience of reading, into sections called 
Parshioth or Haphtaroth, and those of the New 
Testament into Lectionaries or church-lessons. 
Since the thirteenth century of the Christian era 
the present division into chapters has come into 
general use. 

A— THE OLD TESTAMENT. 

The Jewish church divided the books of the Old 
Testament into three classes, viz. : the Torah or the 
Law, the Nebiim or the Prophets and the Ketubim 
or the Holy Writings. The Torah contained the 
Pentateuch, that is the first five books of the Bible ; 
the Ketubim comprised the Psalms, Proverbs, Job, 
Ecclesiastes, the Song of Solomon, Ruth, Chron- 
icles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Lamentations and 
Daniel ; the Nebiim included the remaining books. 
The Christian church divides the 39 books of the 
Old Testament into 17 historical, 17 prophetical 
and 5 poetical or doctrinal books. 



6 

J. -HISTORICAL BOOKS. 

The historical books of tlie Old Testament con- 
tain the history of the "ancient covenant" be- 
tween God and mankind, particularly of the 
covenant between God and the people of Israel, 
and date from the creation of Adam to the refor- 
mation of Nehemiah, that is from about 4000- 
400 B. C. 

1. — Genesis. 

The book called Genesis (origin of historical 
events) includes the history from Adam till the 
death of Joseph, the date of the latter event being 
variously fixed between the years 1850 and 1600 
B. C. The earlier portion of the book, to the end 
of the eleventh chapter, is a religious history of 
the ancient world, and the latter portion, a history 
of the fathers of the Hebrew race. Genesis has 50 
chapters which, for the sake of symmetry, may be 
arranged in four groups, each containing 12 chap- 
ters, with the last two chapters as an appendix ; 
viz.: 

Chapters 1-12, the luorlWs history from Adam to 
Abraham; 1-6, from Adam to 
Noah and to the deluge ; 7-12, from 
Noah to Abraham. 

" 13-24, the history of Abraham (and Isaac). 

" 25-36, the history of Jacob. 

" 37-48, the history of Joseph. 

Chapters 49 and 50 add the "blessing" of Jacob 
and his death, and the death of Joseph. 

2. — Exodus. 

The book of Exodus {i.e., Departure) describes 
the bondage of the children of Israel in Egypt, 
their deliverance and their migration from Egypt 



to Mount Sinai ; it also contains the promulgation 
of the law from Mount Sinai and the erection of 
the tabernacle. The date of the Exodus is uncer- 
tain, but is placed by many writers 1492 B.C. The 
book has 40 chapters which are divided into two 
very nearly equal parts, the first historical, the 
second legislative, viz.: 

Chapters 1-19, the historical part^ which may be 
subdivided ; 1-6, Israel's bondage 
and the calling of Moses ; 7-12, the 
ten plagues and the exodus ; 13-19, 
the migration from Egypt to Sinai. 
" 20-40, the legislative jmrt ; 20-24, the first 
promulgation of the law ; 25-31, 
the plan of the tabernacle and of 
the sanctuarj^ ; 32-34, the sin of the 
people and the renewal of the 
covenant ; 35-40, the building of 
the tabernacle. 

3.— L<eviticiis. 

The book called Leviticus, i.e., levitical precepts, 
contains a fuller account of the Mosaic Law, main- 
ly of the ceremonial law and of ordinances relat- 
ing to the Levites and priests. The order followed, 
while not strictly systematical, shows a certain 
plan, which may be outlined by grouping the 27 
chapters of the book in three divisions of about 9 
chapters each ; viz.: 

Chapters 1-10, the laws relating to sacrifices and 
the priesthood. 1-7, the sacrifices ; 
8-10 the priesthood. 
" 11-20, the laws GOYiCQvmxig purity and im- 
purity ; 11-16, clean and unclean ; 
17-20 Israel separated from the 
heathen. 
^* 21-27, the laws concerning holy orders 
and holy seasons. 



8 

4. —Numbers. 

This book takes its name from the double num- 
bering or census of the people, the first of which 
is given in chapters 1-4, and the second in chapter 
26. It embraces the history of the march of the 
Israelites through the desert, from the time of their 
leaving Sinai until their arrival at the borders of 
the promised land, together with the special laws 
given during this period. If the date of the exodus 
as given before is correct, the period here comprised 
would be 1490-1450 B.C. 

Numbers is divided into 36 chapters, which may 
be arranged in three groups, viz.: 

Chapters 1-9, the host of Israel^ or preparations 
for the departure ; especially levit- 
ical appointments. 

" 10-19, the journey to Kadesh and the 
wanderings in the wilderness, 10— 
14, from Sinai to Kadesh ; 15-19, 
the wanderings. 

" 20-36, the journey from Kadesh to the 
east side of the Jordan; 20-25, 
from Kadesh to the plains of 
Moab ; 26-30, special legislation ; 
31-36, on the east side of Jordan ; 
additional laws. 

5. —Deuteronomy. 

Deuteronomy signifies a "repetition of the law.'^ 
This title expresses the general scope of the book, 
which is a review of the forty years in the wilder- 
ness, including the laws which had been given. 
It consists of three discourses delivered by Moses, 
shortly before his departure, and closes with the 
story of his death. Hence the 34 chapters of 
Deuteronomy arrange themselves, as follows : 



9 

First discourse, chapters 1^, recapitulation of the 

history of the forty 

years. 
Second " " 5-26, recapitulation of the 

Slnaitic laiv. 
Third " " 27-33, the solemn charge, or 

blessings and curses. 

Chapter 34 contains an account of the death of 
Moses. The second discourse, which recapitulates 
the enactments of the law, may be subdivided into 
four groups, viz.: 

Chapters 5-11, the moral law. 

" 12-16, the ceremonial law. 

" 17-21, the laws relating to government. 

*^ 22-26, the laws relating to social life. 

6. — Joshua, 

The book of Joshua sets forth the acts of Joshua, 
in connection with the conquest and the division 
of the land of Canaan, comprising a period of 
about 30 years, possibly 1450-1420 B.C. It has 24 
chapters which divide themselves, naturally, into 
two equal parts, viz.: 

Chapters 1-12, the conquest of Canaan ; 1-5, prep- 
arations for, and the passage of 
the Jordan ; 6-10, the conquest of 
the South ; 11-12, the conquest of 
the North. 
** 13-24, the division of Canaan^ and 
Joshua's farewell ; 13-22, assigning 
of territories ; 23-24, the last days 
of Joshua. 

7. — Judg-es. 
In this book are recorded the achievements of a 
number of leaders, who arose in the Hebrew 
republic to deliver their countrymen from the 



10 

oppressions of neighboring nations. Tlie period 
comprised in this book includes the time from the 
death of Joshua to the death of Samson, that is 
from about 1400-1100 B.C. It has 21 chapters, 
divided as follows : 

•Chapters 1-16, the history of this period; 1-5, from 
Joshua till Deborah ; 6-9, Gideon 
and his familj- ; 10-12, Jephthah ; 
13-16, Samson. 
" 17-21, an appendix containing two epi- 
sodes from the times of the Judges. 

8.— Riitli. 

The book of Ruth was, originally, a part of the 
book of Judges, and is a supplement to that book, 
while at the same time, it serves as an introduction 
to the history of David. Its four chapters narrate 
the history of faithful Ruth, the ancestress of King 
David. 

Chapter 1-2, Ruth coming to Bethlehem. 
" 3-4, her marriage with Boaz. 

9. — I Samuel. 

The two books of Samuel, in the original 
Hebrew Canon, formed but one book. They take 
their name from Samuel, the last judge and the 
founder of the schools of the proj)hets, who played 
a prominent part during the first portion of that 
period. 

I Samuel records the history of the lives and 
times of the prophet Samuel and of King Saul, 
about 1100-1050 B.C. The 31 chapters of this book 
may be divided as follows : 

Chapter 1-8, the high priest Eli ^ and the prophet 
Samuel; 1-4, Eli; 5-8, Samuel. 



11 

"' 9-15, King S<xul Ghosen and rejected ; ^-12, 
Saul's election ; 13-15, his wars. 

*" 16-31, SauVs reign., and Ms enmity against 
David / 16-26, David at Saul's court 
and persecuted by him ; 27-31, 
David sojourning with the Philis- 
tines. 

lO.— II Samuel. 

The second book of Samuel contains the history- 
of King David, after the death of Saul, that is the 
period from about 1050 to 1000 B.C. It is divided 
into 34 chapters which may be arranged in three 
groups, as follows : 

Chapters 1-10, David^s glorious reign at Hebron 
and in Jerusalem ; 1-4, at Hebron ; 
5-10, at Jerusalem. 
" 11-20, David'' s sin and the rebellion of 
Absalom; 11-14, David's sin and 
its punishment ; 15-20, the rebel- 
lion. 
" 21-34, the last years of David's reign. 

11.— I Kings. 

The first and second books of Kings, like the 
two books of Samuel, were originally only one 
book in the Biblical Canon. The historical events 
range from David's death and Solomon's accession 
to the throne to the destruction of the kingdom 
of Judah, a period of about 400 years. 

I Kings commences with the anointing of King 
Solomon and carries the history down to the death 
of King Jehoshaphat, 1000 to 900 B.C. Its 22 
<3hapters may be divided into two equal parts, viz. : 

•Chapters 1-11, the reign of Solomon. 

" 12-22, from the division of the kingdom 
to the death of Jehoshaphat. 
(Chapters 17-22, principally the story of King Ahab 
and the prophet Elijah.) 



12 

12.— II Kings. 

The second book continues the contemporary- 
history of the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel 
to the downfall of both of them, comprising the 
period from 900 to 600 B.C. There are 25 chapter* 
in this book, divided as follows, viz.: 

Chapters 1-17, the contemporary history of Judah 
and Israel; 1-8, principally the 
ministry and the miracles of the 
prophet Elisha ; 9-17, from the 
revolt of Jehu to the downfall of 
the kingdom of Israel. 
" 18-25, the history of Judah alone^ to the 
destruction of Jerusalem by Nebu- 
chadnezzar. 

13.— I Chronicles. 

The two books of Chronicles contain a genealog- 
ical abstract of the whole of the sacred history 
down to the death of King Saul, and the reign of 
the subsequent kings of Judah to the Babylonish 
Captivity. While the books of Kings are writ- 
ten from the prophetical standpoint and give 
prominence to the kingdom of Israel, where Eli- 
jah and Elisha labored, the Chronicles are 
written from the levitical standpoint and the 
history of Judah only is given. In our English 
Bible the first book of Chronicles is divided into- 
29 chapters, (30 in the German). 

Chapters 1-9, mainly genealogies^ from Adam to- 
the time of Ezra, after the Baby- 
lonish Captivity. 
" 10-29, the reign of King David; 10-20, 
from the death of Saul to the com- 
pletion of the victories of David ; 
21-29, David's political and reli- 
gious administration. 



13 

14.-11 Chronicles. 

The second book contains the history of the kings 
of Judah, beginning with the reign of Solomon 
and ending with the edict of King Cyrus of Persia, 
a,t the close of the Babylonish Captivity. It covers 
the period from about 1000-536 B.C. The 36 chap- 
ters of II Chronicles, may be arranged in four 
groups of nine chapters each, viz.: 

Chapters 1-9, the reign of King Solomon. 

" 10-18, from Rehohoam to Jehoshaphat. 
** 19-27, from Jehoshaphat to Ahaz. 
" 28-36, from Ahaz to Zedekiah. 

15.— Ezra. 

This book is a direct continuation of the second 
hook of Chronicles and begins with a repetition of 
the last two verses of II Chronicles. It describes 
the return of the first colony with Zerubabel, under 
King Cyrus, and of a second colony with Ezra, the 
scribe, under the reign of King Artaxerxes ; a 
period of about 80 years, from 536-458 B.C. The 
rebuilding of the temple, and the j)uriflcation of 
the people constitute the main topics of the book. 
Its 10 chapters, naturally, divide themselves into 
two parts, viz.: 

Chapters 1-6, the rebuilding of the temple^ under 
Zerubabel. 
" 7-10, tldii puriJiGation of th.Q people, under 

Ezra. 

16. — Nehemiah. 

A narrative of the commencement, progress and 
■completion of the patriotic undertaking of Nehe- 
miah to restore the city of Jerusalem, during the 
years from 445-433 B.C. The book has 13 chapters. 



14 

Chapters 1-7, the rebuilding of the walls and a 

list of the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 

" 8-13, the restoration of the Theocracy and 

the re-dedication of the people to 

the service of Jehovah. 

17.— Esther. 

The writer of this book narrates, how a great 
danger which threatened the Hebrews living in the 
Persian empire was averted through the watchful 
care of Mordecai and of Queen Esther. If King 
Ahasuerus is the same person with Xerxes, the 
son of Darius Hystaspes, the time of this event 
may be fixed at 480 B.C. The 10 chapters of this 
book form two groups of equal length, viz.: 
Chapters 1-5, the danger. 

" 6-10, the averting of the danger. 

II. -POETICAL BOOKS. 

Under tliis head are comprehended Job, the 
Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the Song of 
Solomon. They are tA'med poetical, because they 
are generally composed of measured sentences and 
possess the characteristics of Hebrew poetry. 

1.— Job. 

The object of this poem is to discuss the question: 
Why does God permit the righteous man to suffer? 
It solves this question by teaching men that 
realizing their own imperfection and ignorance, as 
well as the infinite wisdom and goodness of God, 
they must reject all confidence in their own merits, 
and with an humble faith submit to the divine 
decree. The book of Job has 42 chapters, and con- 
sists of five parts, viz.: 



15 

* 

Chapters 1 and 2, the hviiorical introduction. 

" 3-31, the discussion beween Job and hi» 

three friends, Eliphas, Bildad and 

Zophar ; 8-14, the first discussion ; 

15-21, the second discussion ; 22-31, 

the third discussion. 
** 32-37, the speech of a fourth friend,. 

Ehhu. 
" 38-41, the address of Jehovah. 

" 42, the historical conclusion. 

2. — Psalms. 

The collection of sacred hymns, composed by 
David and other men of God down to the time of 
the return from the Babylonish Captivity, contains 
150 Psalms. Ancient tradition and internal evi- 
dence concur in separating them into five great 
divisions or books. These books seem to have been 
formed at different periods and differ in their use- 
of the divine names Jehovah (Lord) and Elohim 
(God). 

I. Psalms 1-41, composed by David, Jehovah 
psalms. 
II. " 42 72, composed by David and Korah,. 
Elohim. 

III. " 73-89, composed by Asaph, first part 

Elohim, later Jehovah. 

IV. " 90-106, one psalm of Moses, one of 

David, the rest anonymous ; all 
Jehovah psalms. 
V. " 107-150, all anonymous and using the 
name of Jehovah ; later com- 
positions. 

3.— Proverbs. 

The book of Proverbs consists of short discourses 
on various topics of religion and morality, to- 
gether with many pointed sayings or maxims, 
expressing in few words lessons of practical wis- 



16 

doni. It has 31 chapters. The following three 
divisions are distinctively marked : 

Chapters 1-9, short continuous discourses on what 
constitutes true wisdom. 

" 10-24, the proverbs of Solomon^ mostly 
unconnected sayings. 

" 25-31, proverbs collected by Hezekiah 
and later additions. 

4. — Ecclesiastes. 

Ecclesiastes signifies the preacher who addresses 
an assembly It is the confession of a man of wide 
experience as to what the experiences of life have 
taught him. The 12 chapters which this book con- 
tains may be grouped, as follows : 

Chapter 1-2, a personal confession. 

" 3-5, the search after happiness. 
" 6-8, the search after wisdom. 
" 9-12, th^Q failure of both and the lesson to 
be learned : " to fear God and keei) 
His commandments." 

5. — Song' of Solomon (Canticles'). 

This book, the plan and purpose of which are 
difficult to understand, seems to be a pastoral 
drama rej)resenting the victory of true love over 
temptations and trials. It is regarded as a symbol 
or allegory of the love which exists between 
Jehovah and His people. Its 8 chapters are 
variously divided into different acts or scenes, e.g.: 

Chapters 1 : 2-2 : 7, the first meeting of Solomon 

and Sulamith. 
" 2:8-3:5, Sulamith's separation from hex 

beloved. 
" 3:6-5:1, the bringing of the bride to 

Jerusalem. 
" 5 : 2-8 : 4, Sulamith longing for her home. 
" 8:5-8:14, Sulamith returns; the victory 

of true love. 



17 

III.— PROPHETICAL BOOKS. 

The prophets were inspired men sent or appointed 
to make known the will of God both with regard 
to their own time and with regard to the future. 
Hence their writings are partly doctrinal and 
partly predictive. Their xDersonal experiences also 
served as a testimony of God to the people. There 
are 17 prophetical books in the Old Testament. 

1.— Isaiah. 

The prophet Isaiah preached and proiDhesied 
principally during the reign of the Kings Ahaz 
and Hezekiah of Judah, from about 750 to 700 B.C. 
The book of Isaiah consists of two distinct parts, 
viz., chapters 1 to 35 and chapters 40 to 66. These 
two main parts are connected with each other by 
four historical chapters, 36 to 39, the contents of 
which, in a manner, seal the discourses and 
prophecies of the first part and introduce the pro- 
phetic panorama contained in the second part. 

Chapters 1-35, discourses and prophesies connected 
with contemporaneous events. 
These may be subdivided into 
three nearly equal groups, viz.: 
1-12, discourses addressed to the 
people of Israel in general ; 13-23, 
"burdens" or prophecies addressed 
to the surrounding nations ; 24-35, 
discourses referring to the reign of 
Hezekiah. 

" 36-39, Mstoriccd ; the invasion of the 
Assyrians and the embassy from 
Babylon. 

" 40-66, a p? ophetic panorama of the future. 

These 27 chapters are arranged in 

three groups of 9 chapters each. 

40-48, the two contrasts, Jehovah 

2 



18 

and the idols, Israel and the 
heathen ; 49-57, the present suffer- 
ings and the future glory of the ser- 
vant of Jehovah ; 58-66, the nom- 
inal and the true church of God. 

2 . —Jeremiah. 

Jeremiah, the tender-hearted and sorrowful 
prophet who predicted and shared in the suffer- 
ings of the downfall of Judah and Jerusalem, bore 
witness by his own experiences as well as by his 
prophecies. His ministry, from about 630 to 590 
B.C., became one long martyrdom. The book of 
Jeremiah, which contains alternately discourses 
and historical notes of the life of the prophet, does 
not appear to be arranged according to a regular 
*' plan or order. We may divide its 52 chapters, as 
follows : 

Chapters 1-21, the earlier ministry of the j^^'ophet 
under Josiah and Jehoiakim. 

" 22-31, additional jDroj^hecies relating to 
the coming judgment. 

" 32-45, the history of the capture of Jeru- 
salem. 

" 46-52, prophecies against /ore/grn nations, 

3.— Lamentations. 

Laments of the prophet Jeremiah over the exile 
of the people, the desolation of the land and the 
destruction of the temple. The five chapters of 
this book contain five elegies. Four of these 
have 22 verses each, according to the number of 
letters in the Hebrew alphabet ; in the first, 
second and fourth each verse, in Hebrew, begins 
with the corresponding letter ; in the third each 
letter begins three verses in succession, making 
the total number of verses 66. 



19 

4. — Ezekiel. 

Ezekiel, a prophet from the tribe of Levi, was 
carried to Babylon in the captivity of King 
Jeconiah of Judah and lived among the Jewish 
exiles in the land of the Chaldaeans, by whom he 
was held in high esteem. His call to the prophetic 
office took place in the oth year of Jeconiah' s cap- 
tivity, 595 B.C. The book of Ezekiel contains 48 
chapters and is divided into two equal parts of 
which the destruction of Jerusalem is the turning 
point. The 24 chapters of the second part are 
again subdivided into two groups, one of 8, the 
other of 16 chapters. 

Chapters 1-24, denunciations against Judah and 
Jerusalem mingled with promises 
of mercy. 
" 25-32, prophecies against seven heathen 

nations. 
*' 33-48, p)roniise of deliverance and of 
future glory for Israel ; 83-39, the 
victory over Gog ; 40-48 the vision 
of the new temple. 

5.— Daniel. 

Daniel, the fourth of " the greater prophets, " a 
younger contemporary of Ezekiel and a fellow 
captive, but who was raised to a high political 
office, represented the cause of true religion at the 
court of the Babylonian and Medo-Persian kings. 
He seems to have prophesied between the years 
590 and 535 B.C. The book of Daniel is divided 
into two equal parts, viz.: 

Chapters 1-6, historical events. 

" 7-12, apocalyptic; the future of the 
people of God and its relation to 
the powers of the world. 



20 

6. — Hosea. 

Hosea heads the list of the ' ' lesser prophets, ' ' 
although, as regards the chronological order, he 
probably holds the third place. His prophetic 
career extended from 785-725 B.C. He dwelt in 
the northern kingdom, that of Israel or Ephraim, 
and his prophecies principally regard that king- 
dom, then fast verging towards its ruin. His style 
of writing is abrupt and often obscure, but full of 
life and power. In the 14 chapters of the book, it 
is easy to recognize two great divisions, but the 
subdivision is difficult. 

Chapters 1-3, i]iQ prophef s marriage with an un- 
faithful woman, a symbol of 
Israel's unfaithfulness over against 
Jehovah. 
" 4-14, several discourses ; Jehovah pleads 
with Israel, his beloved but un- 
faithful spouse. 

7. - Joel. 

This prophet is supposed to have been the con- 
temporary of Hosea. His commission was to 
Judah, what that of Hosea was to the ten tribes ; 
his style is the very opposite of that of Hosea, 
very fluent and lucid. A public calamity of a 
twofold character : drought and a plague of locusts, 
forms the basis of the prophet's call to repentance. 
The three chapters of the book of Joel may be 
subdivided into two nearly equal parts, viz.: 

Chapter 1 : 1-2 : 17, the call to repentance. 

" 2 : 18-3 : 21, \h.^ promise of renewed mani- 
festations of the divine favor. 

8.— Amos. 

Amos, originally a shepherd, was called by God's 
spirit to be a prophet, although not trained in a 



21 

prophetic school. He traveled from Judah into 
the northern kingdom and there exercised his 
ministry, apparently not for any length of time. 
His date may be fixed at 800 B.C. The kingdom 
of Israel was then, under Jeroboam II, at the 
height of power and luxury ; the prophet was sent 
as a herald of the coming judgment. The book 
of Amos contains 9 chapters, which may be 
arranged as follows : 

Chapters 1-3, the judgment impending upon the 
nations generally. 

" 4-6, the judgment upon the northern king- 
dom, in particular. 

" 1-^, symbolical visions. 

9.— Obadiah. 

It is probable that Obadiah was a contemporary 
with Jeremiah, living about 600 B.C. The inser- 
tion of his prophecy between those of Amos and 
Jonah is explained on the ground of its being an 
amplification of the last five verses of Amos. The 
book of Obadiah which contains but one chapter 
denounces judgments on the Edomites and prom- 
ises restoration and future prosperity to Israel. 

lO.— Jonah. 

The general opinion is that Jonah was the first 
of the prophets whose writings have been pre- 
served and that his time dates between 850 and 800 
B.C. The book of Jonah is chiefly historical. It 
contains an account of the prophet's mission to the 
city of Nineveh, in four chapters. 

Chapters 1 and 2, Jonah's flight and return. 

" 3 and 4, Jonah's preaching and the re- 
mission of the judgment. 



22 

11.— Micali. 

Micah exercised the prophetical office during 
the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings 
of Judah, that is between the years 750 and 700 
B.C. He was, therefore, the contemporary of the 
prophet Isaiah and resembles him in the clear, 
concise and poetical style of his writings. The 7 
chapters of the book of Micah are divided into 
three parts, each commencing with "Hear ye." 

Chapters 1 and 2, addressed to cill the people^ de- 
scribe the coming judgment. 

" 3-5, the judgment upon the lef(de?^s of the 
people and the coming of Messiah. 

" 6 and 7, Jehovah'' s argument with. Israel. 

12.— Nahum. 

The date of Nahum can not be accurately deter- 
mined, but it is probable that he flourished in the 
latter half of the reign of Hezekiah, and wrote his 
prophecy soon after the destruction of Samaria by 
the Assyrians, about 720 B.C. The subject of the 
prophecy is simply "the burden of Nineveh," a 
continuation or supplement to Jonah. The book 
of JSTahum has three chapters. 

Chapter 1, the judgment is coming. 

" 2, the judgment is accomplished. 
" 3, the judgment is reviewed. 

13.— Habakkuk. 

The position of this prophecy in the Old Testa- 
ment canon, as well as internal evidence, lead us 
to the conclusion, that Habakkuk was a contem- 
porary of the prophet Jeremiah, 625 B.C. As 
Nahum had declared the coming judgment u^jon 
the Assyrians, so Habakkuk was commissioned to 
denounce the judgment against the Chaldeans. 



23 

His style is peculiarly grand and sublime. The 

three chapters of Habakkuk may be analyzed as 

follows : 

Chapter 1, the Chaldeans are instruments of God 
in bringing judgment. 
* ' 2, they are in turn judged themselves. 
" 3, ih.e prayer of the prophet. 

14. — Zepliaiiiali. 

Zephaniah, according to the inscription of his 

book, was another contemporary of Jeremiah and 

prophesied under the reign of King Josiah, 625 B.C. 

His writings are characterized chiefly by the 

harmony of the composition and the gracefulness 

of the style. The three chapters of Zephaniah, 

like those of Nahum and Habakkuk, contain a 

declaration of judgment over Judah and Jerusalem, 

mingled with promises of a future restoration. 

Chapter 1, the judgment against Judah. 

" 2, the judgment against Judah'' s enemies. 
" 3, Jen^sa^em, though now under discipline, 
shall be restored. 

15.— Hag-g-ai 

The remaining three of the minor prophets, viz.: 
Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi, flourished after 
the return from the Babylonish Captivity. Haggai 
was raised up by the Lord, about 520 B.C., for the 
purpose of stimulating Zerubabel and the people 
to resume the building of the temple which had 
been interrupted. The two chapters of the book 
of Haggai seem to be but an outline or summary 
of the discourses of this prophet. 

Chapter 1, the discourse delivered in the sixth 
month. 
" 2, discourses delivered in the seventh and 
ninth months. 



24 

16. — Zeeliariali. 

Zechariah was the younger contemporary of 
Haggai (about 500 B.Cj, and was called to the 
prophetic office for the same purpose, viz.: the 
rebuilding of the temple. Like Jeremiah and 
Ezekiel before him, he was priest as well as prophet. 
The book of Zechariah contains 14 chapters, and, 
like the book of Isaiah, it is divided into two main 
parts, of six chapters each, with a practical dis- 
course in two chapters, as a connecting link 
between the first and second part. 

Chapters 1-6, a serious of visions, descriptive of 
those hopes of which the building 
of the temple was the foundation. 
(1, the rider in the valley of myrtles ; 
2, the four horns ; 3, the high priest 
Joshua ; 4, the candlestick ; 5, the 
flying roll ; 6, the four chariots.) 

*' 7-8, a discourse on true religion and a 
promise of the restoration of Israel. 

" 9-14, a prop^efic panorama including the 
times of the Messiah, and the 
restoration of Israel and Jerusalem ; 
subdivided into two burdens ; 9 11, 
the coming of the Messiah and His 
rejection ; 12-14, the repentance of 
Israel and its final glory. 

17.— Malaclii. 

^Nlalachi, the last of the prophets completed the 
canon of the Old Testament Scriptures after the 
second return of Nehemiah from Persia, about 
420 B. C. He occupied the same position with 
regard to the reformation under Nehemiah, which 
Isaiah held in the time of Hezekiah. 

The four chapters of Malachi may be grouped as 
follows : 



25 

Chapters 1 and 2, reproof of the sins of the people. 
" 3 and 4, the LorcVs coming, to bring 
judgment and salvation. 



B.— THE NEW TESTAMENT. 

The New Testament contains 27 books, 5 of 
which are historical, 21 doctrinal and 1 prophetical. 

I.— HISTORICAL BOOKS. 

The historical books of the New Testament com- 
prise the four Gospels, {i.e., a fourfold account of 
the earthly life and work of our Saviour,) and the 
book of Acts, the latter being a brief record of the 
Christian Church, from its founding to the im- 
prisonment of St. Paul in Rome, A.D. 63. 

The first three Gospels are termed the synoptical 
Gospels, because, as regards their contents and 
general character, they proceed upon a common 
outline. The narration of events, with the 
exception of the last journey to Jerusalem, is con- 
fined to Christ's working in Galilee, and is a simple 
statement of facts, while St. John's Gospel refers 
more fully to Christ's working in Judea, with an 
occasional comment by the writer. The synoptical 
Gospels refer mainly to Christ's work., and to the 
establishment of His kingdom on earth, that of 
John refers rather to the person of Christ and the 
eternal decrees of God. Matthew, Mark and 
Luke represent Christ principally as the Son of 
man, the Messiah and the Saviour, the fourth 
Gospel represents Him, first of all, as the eternal 
Son of God, the only mediator between God and 
men. 



26 

1.— Matthew. 

. The first Gospel was written by Matthew, sur- 
iiamed Levi, one of the twelve apostles, but for- 
merly a publican or tax-gatherer. It was intended 
primarily for the Hebrews and for Jewish- 
Christian converts. Hence the frequent quotations 
Irom the Old Testament, the tracing of Christ's 
genealogy to Abraham, etc. The writer represents 
Christ as the Messiah of Israel, the new lawgiver, 
the true prophet, priest and king. The Gospel 
according to Matthew contains 28 chapters, which 
may be arranged in four groups of seven chapters 
«ach : 

Chapters 1-7, the beginning of ChrisVs ministry^ 
including the ''Sermon on the 
Mount." 

" 8-14, His glorious work in Galilee. 

" 15-21, the steadily increasing opposition 
of His enemies. 

" 22-28, His last discourses, death and resur- 
rection. 

2. -Mark. 

The second Gospel, composed by Mark, the 
assistant of the apostle Peter, seems to have been 
written principally for the Romans. It records 
the deeds rather than the words of Christ, and 
represents Him as the powerful worker of miracles. 
The narrative seems to follow the strict chrono- 
logical order of events. The 16 chapters of this 
Gospel are divided into two nearly equal parts, viz.: 

Chapters 1-9, Christ's ministry in Galilee. 

" 10-16, His ministry in Peraea and Judea^ 
including His death and resur- 
rection. 



27 

3.— Luke. 

Luke, the companion of St. Paul, the apostle of 
the Gentiles, and himself of Gentile birth, wrote 
his Gospel especiall^^ for the Greeks. Christ is to 
him^, above all, the ideal man, the Saviour of all 
men, the friend of sinners and the Redeemer of the 
world. Luke wrote after a careful examination of 
the existing records and sources of the Gospel 
narrative, and arranged his story according to a 
systematic plan. The 24 chapters of Luke's Gospel 
may be arranged in four groups, of 3, 6, 9 and again 
6 chapters, respectively. 

Chapters 1-3, the preparation for Christ's min- 
istry. 
" 4-9, disco 117'ses and acts of our Lord, 

belonging to Ccqoernaum and 

neighborhood, recorded also by 

Matthew and Mark. 
" 10-18, a collection of accounts, referring 

to "Christ's journey," mostly 

peculiar to Luke. 
" 19-24, the story of Christ's sufferings and 

triumjyh. 

4.— Jolin. 

The apostle John, doubtless, wrote his Gospel 
narrative some time after the other three Gospels 
had been written, perhaps about A.D. 75, and 
principally for Christian readers. It supplements 
the other gospels in that it contains some important 
events and especially discourses, not recorded in 
them ; but it has its own scope, character and 
purpose. The apostle after stating dogm.atically 
that Jesus Christ was the incarnate Word, the son 
of God, proves this statement by the words and 
works of Christ which convinced even the doubt- 
ing Thomas. St. John relates but nine of the 



28 

miracles of Christ. His Gospel, like that of Mark, 
is arranged chronologically. It contains 21 
chapters. 

Chapter 1 : 1-18, the dogmatical statement. 

" 1 : 19-20 : 29, the historical proof ; 1 : 19-11 : 
57, Christ's ministry ; 12 : 1-20 :29, 
His sufferings and triumph. 

" 21 :l-25, the conclusion. 

5.— The Acts. 

The Acts of the Apostles, a second treatise by 
the author of the third Gospel, may have been 
written about A.D. 65 ; at least the period com- 
prised in its pages terminates in the year 63 A.D. 
The book contains principally the acts of Peter 
and Paul, the former being the central figure of 
the first group and the latter of the second group. 
We divide the 28 chapters of the Acts into 4 parts 
of 7 chapters each : 

Chapters 1-7, the Church in Jerusalem, A.D. 31-37. 

*' 8-14, the spread of the Gospel; Paul's 

first missionary journey through 

Asia Minor, A.D. 37-50. 

" 15-21, the second and third Missionary 

journey of Paul, A.D. 58-63. 
" 22-28, Paul a prisoner and his journey to 
Rome, A.D. 58-63. 

II.— THE EPISTLES. 

Of the 21 Epistles contained in the New Testa- 
ment two-thirds, viz.: 13 or 14 are St. Paul's, the 
remaining third is from the pen of other apostles 
or of men having apostolic authority. St. Paul's 
epistles are not arranged chronologically, but 
according to their contents. In the order of the 
time of writing the two epistles to the Thessalo- 
nians come first ; a second group comprises 



29 

Romans, Corinthians and Galatians ; a third group 
Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians and Philemon ; 
and the fourth group the epistles to Timothy and 
Titus., 

1.— Ronians. 

The epistle to the Romans was written at 
Corinth, during the third missionary journey of 
Paul, A.D. 58. The church at Rome was not 
founded by an ajDostle, but bj^ Christian converts 
from the East ; it included Jewish Christians and 
Gentile Christians. This epistle stands first in 
the order of Paul's epistles because of the impor- 
tance of the church addressed, and the importance 
of its contents. The subject is: "The Gospel of 
Jesus Christ the salvation both of the Jews and of 
the Gentiles." The 16 chapters into which the 
epistle is divided, grouj) themselves as follows : 

Chapters 1-11, the doctrinal part. 

" a. 1-8, the Oonpel of Christ is the salvation 
of individual men. 1-4, on what 
the Gospel is founded, viz.: the 
general need of a Saviour (1 : 18- 
3 : 20 , and the divine promises 
1 3 : 21-4 end) ; 5-8, what the Gos- 
pel does for the believer, viz.: it 
justifies (5), sanctifies (6 and 7), 
and it glorifies (8 . 

" b. 9-11, the Gospel of Christ is the salvcUion 
of Jews and Gentiles as a whole ; 9, 
the mystery of Israel's rejection ; 
10, the explanation ; 11, the final 
solution. 

*' 12-16, the practiced part ; lessons derived 
from the doctrinal part ; 12 and 13, 
Individual Christian conduct ; 14 
and 15, Christian fellowship and 
social relations ; 16, greetings and 
, commendations. 



30 

2.— I Corinthians. 

The first epistle to the Corinthians was written 
during the apostle's three years' sojourn in the 
city of Ephesus, about A.D. 57, one year before he 
wrote to the Romans. The letter was called forth 
by the information which Paul had received of 
divisions that existed in the Corinthian church, ot 
sins having occurred among Christian converts 
and of questions that had arisen concerning mat- 
ters of Christian practice. The general subject or 
the epistle is: "The Christian Congregation, its 
doctrine and ritual," but the contents are ex- 
tremely varied. We may group the 16 chapters as 
follows : 

Chapters 1-4, thei^- dissensions contrasted with the 
spirit of Christ and of His apostles. 

" 5-10, social relations (Christian disci- 
pline, going to law, marriage, giv- 
ing and taking offense). 

" 11-14, public ivo7\ship and spiritual gifts. 

" 15 and 16, the resurrection of the dead 
and miscellaneous matters. 



3.— II Corinthians. 

The second epistle was sent a few months sub- 
sequent to the first (A.D. 58) from Macedonia. It 
was occasioned by the information which the 
apostle had received with regard to the eff*ect of 
the first letter. The majority of the members of 
the church had heeded Paul's admonitions, a 
minority opposed him and doubted his authority. 
Hence this second epistle relates mainly to the 
person and work of the apostle Paul. It has 13 
chapters. 



31 

Chapters 1-7, the position and ivork of Paul and 
his relation to his converts. 

" 8-9, directions about collections for the 
church in Jerusalem. 

" . 10-13, defense of the apostolic character 
of Paul. 

4. — Galatians. 

The date of this epistle is earlier than either 
Romans or Corinthians, perhaps A.D. 55. It was 
addressed to the churches of the Asiatic province 
of Galatia, which had been founded by the apostle 
during his second Missionary journey, A. D. 51. 
The letter appears to have been called forth by the 
information that certain Jewish Christians urged 
the necessity of observing the Mosaic law, circum- 
cision, etc. The theme is : The Law and the 
Gospel. 

Chapter 1 and 2, apologetic ; a vindication of Paul 

and his doctrine. 
" 3 and 4:, pole7nical ; a series of proof s^ 

drawn from the Old Testament, 

that the law was fulfilled in Christ. 
*' b and Q, practical ; inferences from the 

foregoing discussion. 

o. — Ephesiaiis. 

This letter was written by Paul, while he was a 
prisoner at Rome, presumably immediately after 
he had written the epistle to the Colossians, per- 
haps in the early part of A.D. 62. It was addressed 
to the church at Ephesus, where he abode so long, 
and from the elders of which he parted with such 
an affectionate farewell. Ephesus was the city in 
which stood the famous temple of Diana. Probably 
with refer-ence to that temple the apostle, in this 
epistle, treats of the spiritual temple of the Church 
of Christ. 



32 

The six chapters of the epistle naturally divide 
themselves into two portions : 

Chapters 1-3, doetrinal; the spiritual foundation, 
the glory and the aim of the Church 
of Christ. 
" 4r-6, 7io?'tafor}/ Sind j^ractical ; what spirit 
must pervade the Church and its 
members, individually and collec- 
tivelj^ 

6. — Philippians. 

The Christian community at Philippi distin- 
guished itself by its liberality. They contributed 
readily to the collection made for the relief 'of the 
poor in Jerusalem ; they entertained the apostle on 
his several visits to the city w^ith an affectionate 
cordiality, and after Paul's arrival in Rome, they 
sent Epaphroditus to him with supplies and to 
render him service. Hence the epistle addressed 
to the Philippians, which was written from Rome 
about A.D. 63, is particularly full of brotherly 
affection and good wishes. It is altogether a 
practical ej)istle. The contents of the four chapters 
may be classified as follows : 

Chapter 1, information respecting himself. 

" 2 and 3, good advice to his Christian con- 
verts. 
" 4, acknowledgment of their kindness. 

7. — Colossians. 

This epistle, chronologically considered, seems 
to have preceded those to the Ephesians and 
Philippians. Its date of writing is the early 
portion of Paul's captivity at Rome, A'D. 61 or 62. 
It was called forth by information received from 
Epaphras and Onesimus, and designed to warn the 



33 

Christians at Colossae, against certain false 
teachers, whose teaching tended to obscure the 
eternal glory and dignity of Christ. The epistle 
contains four chapters and is divided into two 
equal parts : 

Chapter 1 and 2, doctrinal part : 1, Christ the only 
mediator of salvation ; 2, warning 
against false philosophy and cere- 
monial legalism. 
" ?> 2iii^ '^^ practical part : Christian duties. 

8.— I Tliessaloiiians. 

The two epistles addressed to the Thessalonians 
are the earliest of Paul's epistles. They were 
written from Corinth, not long after the apostle 
had founded the church at Thessalonica, probably 
A.D. 52, One of their special features is the 
instruction which the apostle imparts, concerning 
the second coming of the Lord. I Thessalonians 
is divided into five chapters, which may be 
arranged in two parts, each closing with a prayer. 
Chapters 1-3, narra?5we ^3 o?'^2on/ their conversion, 

Paul's ministry among them, and 

his concern for them. 
" 4-5, hortatory portion ; Christian conduct 

and the coming of the Lord. 

9. — II Thessalonians. 

The contents of this epistle show it to have been 
written very soon after the former one and at the 
same place. Its leading motive appears to be the 
desire of correcting certain errors and misreiDre- 
sentations, especially with regard to the second 
advent of Christ. The subject and general 
character are the same as in the first epistle ; also 
the division into two parts, each closing with a 
prayer. 



34 

Chapter 1 and 2, doctrinal part; encouragement 
under persecutions, and instruc- 
tion concerning the Anti-christ. 
" ^^ practical part; exhortation to 

prayer and reproof of the dis- 
orderly. 

lO.— I Timothy. 

The date of the two epistles to Timothy and of 
the epistle to Titus has been a subject of much 
controversy, some assigning them to the years 
A.D. 56-58, and others to the last years of the life 
of the apostle, after his release from the first 
imprisonment at Rome. According to the latter 
view they were written after A.D. 63. They differ, 
in character, from the preceding epistles, in that 
they are not addressed to congregations, but to 
ministers of the. Church, and speak particularly of 
the qualifications and duties of the Christian 
ministry. 

The first epistle to Timothy is divided into 6 
chapters. These may be grouped in two equal 
parts, although it is hardly possible to discern any 
regular order or connection of thought. 

Chapters 1-3, the principles^ with regard to Chris- 
tian doctrine (1), religious worship 
(2) and holy orders (3). 
'' 4-6, the application of the principles ; 
Timothy's personal conduct (4), his 
pastoral duties (.5) and his minis- 
terial work in general (6. ) 

11.— II Timothy. 

The second epistle is perhaps the last letter of 
the apostle Paul that has been preserved. It con- 
sists of 4 chapters, the contents of which may be 
arranged as follows : 



35 

Chapters 1 and 2, the present duties of Timothy ; 
to develop his gifts, to be cour- 
ageous and firni. 
" 3 and 4, the outlook into the future; 
what Timothy must prepare for 
and what Paul has in expectation. 

12.— Titus. 

Titus, a gentile Christian, converted through 
Paul's instrumentality and afterwards his fellow 
worker, was left by the apostle on the island of 
Crete to organize the churches there by appointing 
presbyters in every city. The epistle is supposed 
to have been written after the first epistle to 
Timothy. It contains directions how to discharge 
the duties of one who is set over the churches. 
The tone is more official, while in the epistles to 
Timothy it is confidential. The three chapters 
into which the epistle is divided may be analyzed 
thus : 

Chapter 1, church government. 

' ' 2, doctrine and pastoral work. 
" 3, discipline. 

13. — PMlemon. 

This is a letter of recommendation, addressed to 
a member of the church at Colossae, in behalf of 
a slave, Onesimus by name, who having fled from 
his master's service to the city of Rome, was con- 
verted under Paul's ministry to the Christian 
faith, and then sent back to his master. It was 
probably written and delivered at the same time 
with the epistle to the Colossians. The tenderness 
and delicacy of this epistle, together with the 
skill of its composition, have always been greatly 
admired. 



36 

14. — Hebrews. 

Whether this epistle was written by the apostle 
Paul or some one else, is a question which can not 
be fully decided. If written by Paul, it is sup- 
posed to date from the end of his first captivity in 
Rome, about A.D. 63. It was, probably, addressed 
to the Jews in Jerusalem and Palestine. Its 
general theme is : " Christ and the new covenant 
superior to the old dispensation." It is divided 
into 13 chapters which group themselves in three 
parts of 4 chapters each, with the 13th chapter as 
a conclusion. 

Chapters 1-4, Christ the best Mediator of revelation ; 
1 and 2, superior to prophets and 
angels ; 3 and 4, superior to Moses, 
Joshua and Aaron. 

" 5-8, Christ the great priest-king^ like 
Melchizedek ; 5 and 6, appointed 
of God and before whom every 
knee must bow ; 7 and 8, a true 
highpriest. 

" 9-12, the new covenant supe?Hor to the 
old ; 9 and 10, it brings us into 
true communion with God ; 11 and 
12, patterns of holy living, in the 
faithful men of old, must be 
imitated. 

15.— James. 

The writer of the epistle was probably James, 
surnamed the Just, the first "bishop" of the 
Church in Jerusalem, who is identified with the 
apostle James, the less, or with the "brother of 
the Lord." The time of writing is not known. 
It is addressed to Jewish Christians and its object 
appears not to be to teach doctrine, but to exhort 
his readers to patience under manifold trials, and 



37 

to warn them against a form of religion which 
is devoid of the true spirit. 

Chapter 1 teaches the Christian conduct under 

tricds. 
" 2-4 ivarn against various sins to which 

Jewish Christians were most liable. 
*' 5 exhorts them to be honest, patient and 

prayerful. 

16.- I Peter. 

This epistle appears to have been written at 
Babylon, where the Christian religion was estab- 
lished at an early date and where the apostle 
Peter seems to have resided for some time. It was 
addressed to the churches in Asia Minor and is 
supposed to have been written, after the apostle 
had seen and studied some of the writings of St. 
Paul, probably not before A.D. 63. It is mainly a 
practical epistle intended to strengthen the be- 
lievers and to exhort them to walk worthily of 
their profession. While St. Paul dwells especially 
upon saving faith, St. Peter's special theme is the 
glorious hope of the Christian. The 5 chapters of 
this first epistle may be arranged, as follows : 

Chapter 1, what Christians have received. 

" 2 and 3, how, accordingly, they should 

live. 
*' 4 and 5, what they shall strive after, 
especially in view of the future 
manifestation of Christ. 

17.— II Peter. 

The second epistle of Peter was addressed to the 
same persons as the former one, and must have 
been written shortly before the martyrdom of the 
apostle. It includes a passage which bears a strong 



38 

resemblance to the epistle of Jude, which Peter 
may have read. The three chapters, into which 
this epistle is divided, may be said to refer, 
respectively, to the past, present and future. 
Chapter 1, the past, the sure foundation. 

" 2, the present, the dangers which beset 
their path. 

" 3, the future, the coming of the Lord. 

18.— I John. 

From the patriarchal tone of this epistle it is 
inferred that it was written, when the apostle John 
was advanced in age, about A.D. 90, and perhaps 
from Ephesus, where the apostle ordinarily 
resided. In the introduction St. John states, as 
the purpose of the epistle : to declare the Word of 
life, in order that he and his readers may have 
true communion with God in Christ, and with 
each other. St. John is the apostle of love, but 
this love springs from faith and produces obedience. 
The five chapters of this first epistle may be 
arranged under the following heads : 

Chapters 1 and 2, God is light; we must come to 
the light, confess our sins, be 
cleansed from sin and living in 
communion with God, must 
walk in the light. 

" 3 and 4, God is love; the children of God 
love and obey their father, and 
love the brethren. 

" 5, the faith, love and obedience of 

the children of God overcome 
the world. 

19.— II John. 

This short epistle is addressed to a Christian 
lady, whom the apostle desires to warn against 
the preachers of a doctrine, which is not in 
accordance with the love of Christ. 



39 

20. Ill John. 

In this epistle the apostle comiuends to a certain 
Cajus, some brethren, perhaps evangelists, who 
were strangers in the place where he lived. A 
certain Diotrephes had used his influence against 
receiving such missionary brethren. 

21.— Jude. 

From early times this epistle has been attributed 
to Jude, " the bishop of Jerusalem. " Its object is 
to warn Christian readers against ungodly men, 
" who turn the grace of our God into lascivious- 
ness." The writer describes, forcibly, the 
character and the punishment of such men. 

III.— PROPHETICAL. BOOKS. 

The New Testament contains but one prophet- 
ical book, properly so called, although there are 
many prophetical passages in the discourses of our 
Lord and in the Epistles. 

22. — Revelation. 

The book of Revelation was probably •the last 
book which the apostle .John wrote ; according to 
the church-father Irenseus "towards the close of 
the reign of the Emperor Domitian," that is about 
A.D. 95-97. Tradition says, that in the persecution 
under Domitian, John was banished to the island 
of Patmos. The 22 chapters into which the book 
of Revelation is divided, naturally, group them- 
selves in two equal parts. 

Chapters 1-11, the world's history^ from the time 
of the apostle to the end ; 1-3, first 
vision : the Son of man and the 
church, or the seven epistles to the 
seven churches ; 4-7, second vision, 



40 

the Lamb and the seven seals, or 
the riddles of the world's history 
solved by Christ ; 8-11, third 
vision, the seven trumpets and 
seven thunders, or the divine 
judgments and the victorious 
establishment of Christ's kingdom. 
Chapters 12-22, the assaults of the devil and h* 
agents upon the Church, and the 
final destruction; 12-14, the wir 
between Christ and the Anti-chrif 
the child and the dragon (12), tl 
church and the beast (13', Zio 
and Babylon (14) ; 15-19, the jud^ 
ments upon Babylon and th 
beast ; the seven vials of ^ -r 
(15 and 16), Babylon and the oe 
destroyed (17-19); 20-22, the end 
of the 'world and the new Jeru- 
salem. 



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Deacidified using the B 
Neutralizing agent: Mac 
Treatment Date: May 2( 

Preservation! 

A WORLD LEADER IN PA 

1 1 1 Thomson 
Cranberry Tow 
(724) 779-21 1 ' 



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